Giants · Cornwall

The Giant Bolster and St Agnes

St Agnes Beacon and Chapel Porth, on the north Cornish coast near St Agnes

Family-friendlyA 3-minute read

On this page
  1. The tale
  2. What people said
  3. Other tellings
  4. What the history says
  5. Go and see
  6. Explore more folklore
  7. Sources

Above the village of St Agnes rises a big round hill, purple with heather, which people now call St Agnes Beacon. Long ago, they said, it belonged to the giant Bolster.

Bolster was enormous. He could stand with one foot on the Beacon and the other on Carn Brea, and those two hills are six miles apart as the crow flies. He thought nothing of striding from one to the other. Once, halfway across, he grew thirsty and stooped to drink from the well at Chapel Porth, the little cove below the Beacon. He leaned on a stone in the valley while he drank, and the marks of his fingers were pressed into it.

Bolster had a wife, and he was a hard husband to her. Whenever he was cross with her, he made her pick up stones from the fields at the foot of the hill and carry them up to the top in her apron. She toiled up and down until the heaps of stones lay all over the summit.

Then the giant fell in love, and not with his wife. He fell in love with Agnes, the saint the village is named after, who was said to be very beautiful and very good. Bolster gave her no peace. He followed her everywhere, telling her how much he loved her, and his sighs and groans blew about the hills like storms. Agnes told him again and again that he was behaving badly, for he already had a wife. She begged him to leave her alone. It made no difference at all.

So Agnes made a plan. One day she seemed to give in. She told Bolster she believed he loved her, but that she wanted one small proof more. At Chapel Porth, at the end of the valley, there was a hole in the cliff. If Bolster would fill that hole with his own blood, she would not be cold to him any longer.

That seemed easy to Bolster. He was so huge he could fill a dozen holes like that and never miss the blood. So he stretched his great arm across the hole, cut a vein, and let the blood pour in. It roared and foamed as it fell to the bottom. He waited for the hole to fill. It took longer than he expected, but surely it couldn't be long now, so he bled on.

Hour after hour the blood ran, and still the hole was not full. At last the giant grew faint. He hadn't the strength to get up, or to stop the bleeding, and so, in the end, the great Bolster died.

Agnes had known all along what he didn't: the hole was open at the bottom to the sea. Every drop that ran in ran straight out again and turned the waves red. So the saint was free of her unwanted lover, Bolster's wife was free of her bullying husband, and the whole country round was rid of a tyrant. And if you go down to Chapel Porth, people said, you can still see the red stain on the rocks where the giant's blood ran down.

What people said

Beliefs and stories recorded about this place. They are folklore, not fact.

The giant's finger-marks

In the valley running up from Chapel Porth there was a stone with the marks of Bolster's fingers in it, made when he leaned on it to drink from the well at Chapel Porth on one of his strides from the Beacon to Carn Brea.

Recorded by Hunt (1865), p. 56

The stones on the Beacon

The heaps of small stones on top of the Beacon were the ones Bolster's wife carried up in her apron. They all came, it was said, from a farm at the foot of the hill next to the village, and that farm was still remarkably free of stones, though the land all round was full of them.

Recorded by Hunt (1865), pp. 56–57

The red stain at Chapel Porth

The hole at Chapel Porth still shows the truth of the story, Hunt was told, in the red stain that marks the way the giant's blood ran down.

Recorded by Hunt (1865), p. 58

The Bolster bank

The great bank and ditch below the Beacon, running from Chapel Porth to Trevaunance, is called “the Bolster” after the giant. In 1754 William Borlase wrote that it was known as the Kledh (Cornish for the trench), and that ordinary people said it was “the work of a giant call'd Bolster”.

Recorded by Borlase (1754), p. 293; Hunt (1865), p. 56

Other tellings

Beyond the legend

What the history says

The Bolster Bank is a great bank and ditch below the Beacon. William Borlase, writing in 1754, traced it from Porthchapel Coom (Chapel Porth) towards Breanick Coom below the church town, nearly two miles in all, passing a village called Bolster on the way. It enclosed “some thousands of acres”, with the Beacon and its rich tin ground. He measured the ditch at 17 feet 6 inches wide, with the bank at least 20 feet above the bottom of the ditch. Thomas Tonkin thought it Roman, because his father's servant had ploughed up a gold coin of the emperor Valentinian inside it in 1684, and Borlase agreed, judging from the skill of the work. It has been a scheduled monument since 1961.

Today's archaeologists are less sure than Tonkin and Borlase. The Cornwall and Scilly Historic Environment Record dates the bank only broadly, to somewhere between the Iron Age and the early Middle Ages (800 BC to AD 1065). South-west of Bolster farm it still stands up to 4 metres high, overgrown and broken in places. At the farm itself one stretch is cut off between two gaps, which makes it look like a long barrow or an upturned boat. The record says it is this piece that gave the farm its name, Bolster, and so the whole earthwork too.

On top of St Agnes Beacon is a mound thought to be a Bronze Age burial barrow (about 2500 to 800 BC), later used as the site of a fire beacon. A tower was once built on it, and the Ordnance Survey put a trig point on the summit in 1937, according to the Cornwall National Landscape. The barrow is a scheduled monument, and the Beacon is owned and cared for by the National Trust.

Below the Beacon, on the slope down to Chapel Porth, are the remains of a small chapel, probably dedicated to St Agnes and perhaps built in the 10th century, with a holy well below it that has since disappeared. Its outline can still be traced in the turf, and it has been a scheduled monument since 2000. The National Trust says a spring comes out here and runs into a cave on the beach.

Go and See

Where
St Agnes Beacon and Chapel Porth, near St Agnes on the north Cornish coast, west of the village. Both are cared for by the National Trust. From the A30 at Chiverton Cross take the B3277 to St Agnes, turn left at the roundabout at the edge of the village and follow the brown signs past the Beacon.
Opening
Open countryside, dawn to dusk. Chapel Porth is on the South West Coast Path, about 40 minutes' walk from St Agnes village by Beacon Drive and the lane or footpath down to the beach.
Admission
The National Trust lists no admission charge. Parking at Chapel Porth is charged for non-members.
Allow
The National Trust's White Rocks to St Agnes Beacon loop is 2.8 miles (4.5 km): along the cliffs to Wheal Coates and back over the top of the Beacon.
Parking
National Trust car parks at St Agnes Head (off Beacon Drive, TR5 0NU; vehicles under 2.3m only) and at Chapel Porth (TR5 0NS). Chapel Porth charges non-members, through the JustPark app (location 80536); National Trust members park free. The National Trust says satnav postcodes won't take you straight to Chapel Porth, so follow the signs.
Access
Fairly level near the car parks, with a view over the beach from the Chapel Porth car park and an accessible toilet there. The way onto the beach is very uneven, and the paths up the valley, onto the cliffs and up the Beacon are steep, narrow and uneven.
Dogs
Welcome under close control. Dogs are not allowed on Chapel Porth beach from 10am to 6pm between 1 July and 31 August.
Families
A giant story with a clever saint in it, told gently. At Chapel Porth, look for the rocks where people said the giant's blood ran down. There is a café (not run by the National Trust), toilets and seasonal lifeguards there. The cliff and valley paths are steep and uneven.

Visiting details checked 2 November 2026 with The National Trust. Always check before you travel.

50.3073° N, 5.2174° W · Open in OpenStreetMap

Explore more folklore

All giants · All Cornwall legends · The map

Sources

Old books and records

  1. William Borlase, Observations on the Antiquities Historical and Monumental, of the County of Cornwall (1754), pp. 291–293. The earthwork, and the earliest mention of the giant Bolster we have found. Internet Archive.
  2. Robert Hunt, Popular Romances of the West of England; or, The Drolls, Traditions, and Superstitions of Old Cornwall (first series, 1865), “The Giant Bolster”, pp. 56–58. The whole story of Bolster and St Agnes. Our main source. Its frontispiece, by George Cruikshank, is our picture. Internet Archive.

Places and archaeology

  1. Historic England, “Bolster Bank”, National Heritage List for England, entry 1016444 (scheduled monument). Date of scheduling. Checked 2 November 2026. Read the list entry.
  2. Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Historic Environment Record, “Bolster Bank: Iron Age/Romano-British/Early Medieval linear earthwork (MCO25174)”, Historic England's Heritage Gateway. The bank's dating, its condition, and how the farm and the bank got the name Bolster. Checked 3 November 2026. historicengland.org.uk.
  3. Historic England, “Bowl barrow on St Agnes Beacon 350m west of Cannonball Farm”, National Heritage List for England, entry 1016443 (scheduled monument). Scheduled status of the barrow on the Beacon. Checked 2 November 2026. Read the list entry.
  4. Historic England, “Medieval chapel and enclosures 570m north west of Wheal Freedom”, National Heritage List for England, entry 1019213 (scheduled monument). Date of scheduling of the chapel. Checked 2 November 2026. Read the list entry.
  5. Cornwall National Landscape, “St Agnes Beacon”. The barrow and the beacon. Checked 2 November 2026. cornwall-landscape.org.
  6. Cornwall National Landscape, “Chapel Porth Chapel”. The chapel and holy well. Checked 2 November 2026. cornwall-landscape.org.
  7. The National Trust, “The St Agnes Bolster Festival and legend of the Giant Bolster”. The festival and the National Trust's retelling. Checked 2 November 2026. nationaltrust.org.uk.

Visiting information

  1. The National Trust, “St Agnes Head”. Visiting details, the Beacon, and the chapel and well. Checked 2 November 2026. nationaltrust.org.uk.
  2. The National Trust, “Chapel Porth”. Visiting details. Checked 2 November 2026. nationaltrust.org.uk.

Pictures

  1. Picture: The Giant Bolster, by George Cruikshank, frontispiece to Robert Hunt, Popular Romances of the West of England (1865). Public domain, via the Internet Archive.

This is a legend, told as people told it. Spotted something wrong? Tell us.